A civilian is a person who does not serve in the military or police forces. It is also a legal status, granted by international humanitarian law, which protects civilians from the dangers of armed conflict. The distinction between civilians and combatants is not always clear, especially in internal armed conflicts or in situations of occupying power. In such cases, civilians who take direct part in hostilities lose their status for the duration of that direct participation (API Art. 50).
The term is also used to describe members of municipal and local government staff, such as fire fighters and EMS personnel, who are not military personnel, and therefore subject to municipal, civil and criminal law to the same extent as citizens. Similarly, the term is sometimes applied to police officers who are not warranted constables.
The distinction between combatants and civilians is one of the most important principles in international humanitarian law, but its application is often problematic. Neither states nor non-state armed groups have always respected the principle in practice, and civilians are often victims of excessive suffering. Civilian disenfranchisement is a serious concern in many armed conflicts, and it is an issue that requires further research.
A soldier’s transition to a civilian job can be challenging. Often the chain of command is different, and it can be confusing to understand what is expected of you. Civilians must learn to speak the language of business, and it is not uncommon for them to have more than one boss in a given field.
In addition to these issues, the transition between a military and civilian lifestyle can be challenging in other ways. For example, there are many times when little is happening, or when you have to wait for something to happen. This can be a frustrating time for some, and it is important to find healthy outlets to express frustration.
It is also important to remember that civilian life is a privilege, and soldiers who have been active duty or reserve service must work hard to maintain a proper perspective. It is important to not take for granted the freedoms and opportunities that civilians enjoy, and they must strive to make a positive difference in their community. This can be accomplished through civic engagement, volunteering, and even campaigning for political office. Ultimately, it is up to all of us as citizens to stand up for what we believe in and to fight for those values that are most important to the safety and security of our society. If the law is on your side, pound the law; if the facts are on your side, pound the facts; but if neither are on your side, pound the table. This is our democracy. Make it. Protect it. Pass it on. Then, if you don’t like it, change it. This is America. The land of the free and the home of the brave.