Citizenship is the status of a person granted by a state and based on a set of rights and obligations. It is usually a matter of birth, descent, or marriage to a citizen, as well as adherence to the laws of the state, and often includes the right to vote and participate in public life. Citizenship is an important concept in human history, especially in states that are based on democracy, where it helps define the relationship between the people and their government.
The word citizen comes from the Latin for “subject of a sovereign,” a term that implies the idea of a personal bond between the ruler and his subjects. The word has been compared with the Latin for “owner,” as in a property owner, and with the English words subject, heir, and national. The latter two words have the connotation of allegiance to a sovereign, while citizen suggests a more benevolent relationship.
A person is a citizen of a particular country through one of several systems of citizenship: birth in the territory of that country, descent from a citizen parent, marriage to a citizen, or naturalization. Most countries have some form of citizenship, though the definition of a citizen varies significantly. A citizen may have a right to participate in political life and in cultural activities, and a duty to contribute to society as a whole.
Some citizens, especially in democratic societies, are expected to contribute to the economic well-being of their nation. In addition to paying taxes, they are expected to obey the law, and be active participants in civic life such as volunteering or serving on a jury. Citizenship is also sometimes based on a feeling of loyalty or patriotism, which requires a willingness to make sacrifices for the good of the country.
In a recent study, Pew Research Center asked adults to identify what they believe are the most important traits and behaviors of good citizenship. The vast majority of Americans say voting in elections is very important to being a good citizen, as are knowing the Pledge of Allegiance, and following what happens in their government and politics. Other important factors include volunteering to help others, being familiar with the local rules and regulations for driving, and protesting when government actions are thought to be wrong.
Those who take these traits seriously are considered “good citizens.” They care about their country and are willing to make personal sacrifices for its good. They are also interested in learning about other cultures, and they feel a sense of responsibility to the world at large rather than just their own country or community. It can be difficult to be a global citizen without losing sight of ones own identity, and finding that balance is a lifetime’s work.