Almost since the beginning of human history, people have moved from place to place. Some do so for economic opportunity, to join family or to escape conflict or large-scale human rights violations. Others are driven by climate change, natural disasters or other environmental factors. In addition to creating diverse communities, immigrants contribute to the economy in many ways. They bring new ideas, skills and experiences that can help businesses innovate. They also add a wealth of culture through cuisine, music, art and literature that can enrich societies.
Immigrants have always made a profound impact on the nations they enter. The United States is no exception. Immigration is a key source of the country’s human capital and a major factor in its long-run economic vitality. It allows talented individuals to realize their full potential and contribute to economic activity at a higher level than they could in their countries of origin.
As of 2023, about 66 million people in the United States were born outside the country and have at least one foreign-born parent. About half of those are naturalized citizens or green-card holders, while the other half are unauthorized migrants, also called “aliens.” In terms of nationality, Mexico is the top country of origin. India, China and Venezuela round out the top five. Throughout the country, the most concentrated population of immigrants is in California, Texas, Florida and New York. Other popular destinations include Arizona, Colorado and New Jersey.
In general, immigrant-led households have more spending power than those headed by non-immigrants. As consumers, they generate billions in tax revenue and create jobs. They are a driving force in the innovation economy, and they have helped fuel the growth of the tech sector. Entrepreneurs who are immigrants have founded companies that make up a significant percentage of the world’s start-ups.
Unlike other taxpayers, most immigrants pay more in taxes than they receive in public services and benefits. This helps to sustain the government’s finances and can offset other social costs, such as education, health care and welfare. Immigrants also help to alleviate the burden on other taxpayers by reducing the need for foreign aid, interest on the national debt and similar expenses known as public goods.
While the effects of immigration are complex, it is important for journalists to understand how different factors influence a nation’s ability to welcome or resist migrants. A thorough understanding of immigration’s effect on a host country can help inform the conversation about how best to address this sensitive topic. It can also give journalists the confidence to write about the issue with greater nuance and detail.