A civilian is a person who is not a member of an armed force. Civilians are protected by international humanitarian law in times of armed conflict, which prohibits targeting them with military attacks and includes many other considerations for their safety and well-being.
The term may also be used to refer to the population of a country, or a particular group within that population, such as an ethnic or religious community or the residents of a city. It can also be applied to a particular social institution, such as a club or volunteer organization. Civilian can also refer to a student or scholar of civil law, rather than one who studies military or criminal law.
It is often a challenge for former service members to transition back into their communities. The sense of community that existed in the military may be difficult to replicate in civilian life, and it is important for those leaving the military to be patient when trying to build new relationships. Having a support network of friends and family who understand the unique experiences of those leaving the military can be helpful during this transition.
In the United States, civilians play a significant role in military-military relations at the policymaking level, including in the administration of, guidance to, and budgeting of the Armed Forces and Defense Enterprise, as well as in the national security council, office of the secretary of defense, and Congress with its relevant committees. However, the level of civilian control over the military varies significantly from one place to another. While some civilian leaders may express a desire to maintain the value of civilian control over the military, many senior military officers feel that they have the right and responsibility to oppose policy guidance they believe is unwise in their professional judgment.
There are several challenges in implementing civilian control over the military, such as balancing the needs of the military with the interests of the people and the national security. It is a complex challenge that is likely to remain at the forefront of public debate, as evidenced by recent debates over the status of Secretary of Defense James Mattis, who has spoken out against some of President Trump’s policies. Civilians around the world continue to face violence and oppression from armed groups, which makes it even more crucial that efforts be made to protect civilians and improve humanitarian access in situations of armed conflict. This is why the work of organizations such as the Center for Civilians in Conflict continues to be so important. Their work is helping to ensure that the words of Blaise Pascal, “Justice without strength is powerless, and strength without justice is tyranny,” remain true. This work is a long-term effort that requires continued commitment and support from all parties involved. It is critical that we strive to improve the architecture built over time to protect civilians in armed conflict. We must remember that civilians are the foundation of peace and stability.